Intimate partner violence (IPV) and its consequences are recognized as a serious global issue. Regular monitoring of prevalence rates and associated factors is essential to evaluate the effectiveness of prevention efforts and to identify vulnerable populations. However, representative and up-to-date data on the 12-month prevalence of IPV and its sociodemographic correlates in Germany remain rare. This study provides such estimates using survey data on sociodemographic characteristics and self-reported physical and sexual IPV victimization from a randomly selected representative sample of the German population aged 16 years and older. Prevalence rates were analyzed descriptively, and associations with sociodemographic characteristics were examined using multiple linear regression analysis. Among the N = 1,522 individuals who were currently in a relationship or had been in one within the past year, 7.8% reported physical IPV victimization (60% were female victims) and 3.7% reported sexual IPV victimization (81% were female victims). For both types of IPV, prevalence rates differed significantly by sex. Physical and sexual IPV were moderately correlated (r = .46, p < .001). Physical IPV victimization was more likely among unemployed, unmarried, and lower-income individuals. Sexual IPV was more prevalent among women, individuals with at least one minor child, those who were unemployed, and those who were not married. Current unemployment showed the strongest association with both forms of IPV. These findings underscore the continued public-health relevance of IPV in Germany, highlighting the importance of sustained monitoring and the need to consider sociodemographic indicators when planning resources and designing inclusive support services.

On 13 September 1984, on the occasion of the feast of «L’Unità», the Italian Foreign Minister, Giulio Andreotti, pronounced a few sentences on the German division that caused strong tensions between Rome and Bonn. Those statements have long weighed on the profi le of the Italian statesman. The approaching thirtieth anniversary of the collapse of the Berlin Wall offers an opportunity for a new framing of these statements in the broader domestic and international political context in which they were uttered, in close connection with the Italian vision of the German question.

Nel 1977 la rivista tedesca der Spiegel pubblicava in copertina l’immagine di un piatto di spaghetti sui quali era appoggiata una pistola. A ciò facevano eco a sud delle Alpi altrettanto diffusi stereotipi, questa volta nel contesto delle polemiche divampate dopo la fuga di H. Kappler. Trent’anni erano trascorsi dalla conclusione del secondo conflitto mondiale, ma, nonostante i progressi fatti nell’integrazione europea, il passato era più che mai presente, complice una forte polarizzazione politica e sociale. Frequenti erano immagini del vicino tedesco che facevano ancora ampio uso di stereotipi imbevuti di memorie post-belliche. In occasione del trentesimo anniversario del superamento della divisione tedesca, questo saggio intende riflettere sull’evoluzione dei rapporti culturali italo-tedeschi e sull’immagine della Germania sviluppatasi tra il 1977 e il 1990 per comprendere se gli anni Ottanta ebbero il potenziale per modificare le dinamiche delineatesi fino a quel momento e segnare l’avvio di una nuova fase.

Early life stress disrupts growth and creates horizontal grooves on the tooth surface in humans and other mammals, yet there is no consensus for their quantitative analysis. Linear defects are considered to be nonspecific stress indicators, but evidence suggests that intermittent, severe stressors create deeper defects than chronic, low-level stressors. However, species-specific growth patterns also influence defect morphology, with faster-growing teeth having shallower defects at the population level. Here we describe a method to measure the depth of linear enamel defects and normal growth increments (i.e., perikymata) from high-resolution 3D topographies using confocal profilometry and apply it to a diverse sample of Homo neanderthalensis and H. sapiens anterior teeth. Debate surrounds whether Neanderthals exhibited modern human-like growth patterns in their teeth and other systems, with some researchers suggesting that they experienced more severe childhood stress. Our results suggest that Neanderthals have shallower features than H. sapiens from the Upper Paleolithic, Neolithic, and medieval eras, mirroring the faster growth rates in Neanderthal anterior teeth. However, when defect depth is scaled by perikymata depth to assess their severity, Neolithic humans have less severe defects, while Neanderthals and the other H. sapiens groups show evidence of more severe early life growth disruptions.

Traditionally cultivated vineyards in the Mediterranean terraced landscape of the Cinque Terre (Liguria, Italy) have been affected by land use abandonment for decades. This trend has profound consequences for the cultural landscape that today is protected as a national park and UNESCO World Heritage Site with great importance for tourism. The change of vegetation in the course of secondary succession is of crucial importance for the development of slope stability, biodiversity and the scenic value of the landscape. On many slopes of the Cinque Terre, a mosaic of different stages of fallow vegetation in direct neighborhood of remaining cultivated areas has formed. Near to the Village of Corniglia vegetation studies on fallow and cultivated areas were carried out in the 1980s and 2000s by Richter (1989), Carl & Richter (1989), Richter & Block (2001). In this study we present a continuation of a mapping time series of plant formations that now reaches back to round about 40 years and characterizes it based on collected field data. On the one hand our results show the expected continuation of abandonment and the progression of secondary succession and a related change in life-form spectra. Furthermore, disturbances such as insect calamities have led to a local disappearance of pine stands on all study sites since the beginning of 2000s, thus advancing the maquis shrubs and holm oak stands as temporary final communities. Future research should integrate knowledge about spatial and temporal development of follow vegetation on agricultural terraces into approaches for ecosystem services assessment, thus supporting the decision making processes of landscape management.

Accelerated global change, including land use change, is altering plant community composition and challenging conservation in protected areas (PAs) worldwide. Vegetation resurveys of quasi-permanent plots provide insights into these shifts over decades. However, resurvey studies are scarce in the temperate forests of the Andes in northern Patagonia, leaving questions on temporal vegetation dynamics unanswered. We resurveyed vegetation plots of three different forest types (mixed evergreen, coniferous and subalpine) located in Nahuel Huapi National Park >50 years after the original survey, in an area with current minimal but moderate to intense land use in the past. We applied multivariate analyses to assess changes in plant community composition and fitted generalized linear mixed models to compare temporal changes of different life forms and origin groups. Species gains and losses were analyzed by resurvey location and “winner” and “loser” species were identified. Our results indicate biotic homogenization of montane mixed evergreen and coniferous forests, ongoing understory closure and an increasing dominance of non-native species. Conversely, subalpine forests showed a more stable composition over time. These findings underscore the significance of legacy effects, i.e., land-use practices occurring decades ago having residual influences on the current biological composition. We conclude that without conservation management following intensive land use, such as non-native species removal, neither local nor global biodiversity conservation goals are likely to be met.

We study a dynamic dial-a-ride problem with electric vehicles, capacitated charging stations, and optional service upgrades that allow customers to reduce waiting times or ride alone for an additional fee. To optimize fleet availability, we propose a centralized a priori charging strategy that coordinates charging processes across the fleet, determining when, where, and how many vehicles should charge in parallel. A large neighborhood search improves routing decisions, while approximate dynamic programming methods guide request and service upgrade acceptance. A policy function approximation rejects requests if their additional profit does not exceed absolute and relative thresholds, while a cost function approximation decides about service upgrades based on their long-term impact on solution quality. Computational experiments show that a priori charging increases profitability between 6% and 33% while reducing rejection rates between 40% and 70% compared to commonly used threshold-based methods. Approximate dynamic programming-based acceptance increases profitability between 0.5% and 3.6% while maintaining low rejection rates.

Abeona war in der römischen Mythologie eine Schutzgöttin, Beschützerin der ersten Schritte von Kindern sowie der pubertierenden Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen, nachdem sie die Obhut der Eltern verlassen haben (vgl. www.artedea.net). Abeona wurde vor diesem Hintergrund Namensgeberin eines im Rahmen von Erasmus+ geförderten Projekts zur europäischen Kooperation und Weiterentwicklung guter Praxis im Feld der Übergangsbegleitung von jungen Erwachsenen aus Heimerziehung in Ausbildung und Arbeit (siehe auch ForE 01/2017). In diesem Beitrag werden die Ausgangsbedingungen für Care Leaver im Hilfesystem sowie hinsichtlich ihrer Integration in den Arbeitsmarkt in einem innereuropäischen Vergleich skizziert sowie Modelle guter Praxis in der Übergangsbegleitung von jungen Erwachsenen aus stationären Erziehungshilfen in Ausbildung und Beschäftigung dargestellt.

Let X be a C-valued random variable with the property that X has the same law as ∑j≥1TjXj where Xj are i.i.d. copies of X, which are independent of the (given) C-valued random variables (Tj)j≥1. We provide a simple criterion for the absolute continuity of the law of X that requires, besides the known conditions for the existence of X, only finiteness of the first and second moment of N - the number of nonzero weights Tj. Our criterion applies in particular to Biggins’ martingale with complex parameter.

This paper reports a case of accessory antler growth from the left zygomatic bone of a rusa stag (estimated age 7 years) shot in New Caledonia in January 2026. At the time of death, the individual was carrying orthotopic velvet antlers of about 13.5 cm length. The extra antler had grown from the lower rim of the left orbita and was covered by typical velvet. It was attached to the zygomatic bone via a bony socket that was covered by normal scalp skin and considered to represent a pedicle. The ectopic pedicle-and-antler structure (length 5.4 cm) became detached during maceration, suggesting that the connection between pedicle base and zygomatic bone had been cartilaginous rather than osseous. According to an observation of the stag's head shortly after death, a small exostosis was also present above the right eye. The distal portion of this exostosis appeared to be covered by velvet and thus may have represented a second accessory antler. However, since this region of the skull was destroyed by the shot in the head, it could not be examined after maceration. The case presented here is only the second instance of antler formation from the zygomatic bone reported in the scientific literature. Accessory antler growth was presumably caused by a trauma to the periosteum. The findings of the present study and other reports suggest that all membrane bones of the deer skull have the potential to produce accessory antlers upon strong unphysiological stimulation of their periosteum.

Despite fruitful research on some aspects of adolescent coping, the development of specific coping mechanisms still remains a neglected topic. The present empirical study with 535 early adolescents (M = 12.60 years) and their parents examines possible developmental components of accommodative coping competences. Using latent path modelling, we investigated how specific components of four sets of variables (cognitive abilities, experiences in life, goal disengagement, and parental influences) contributed to accommodative coping capacities in the adolescents. Direct effects (e.g., specific cognitive abilities, parental influences) and indirect effects (e.g., positive experiences in life) on accommodative coping were identified for the components investigated. Future research should focus on the relevance of these components for the development of accommodative coping capacities.